-IBIS-1.5.0-
tx
eyes/ears/nose/throat
laryngitis/hoarseness
diagnoses

definition and etiology

definitions: laryngitis: Inflammation of the larynx; hoarseness: roughness in the voice, often with decreased vocal power.

etiology: Most laryngitis is caused by microorganisms, viral and bacterial (especially streptococcus). It can also occur concurrently with other URIs and pulmonary infections. Other causes include voice overuse, allergic reactions, and inhaling irritating substances (e.g. smoking). Hoarseness is the most common symptom. In persistent hoarseness rule out neoplasm.

signs and symptoms

signs and symptoms:
• Hoarseness: usually of short duration. May become chronic if the cause is not addressed (smoker keeps smoking, e.g.).
• Pain or rawness: if severe, dysphagia may occur.
• Cough: may be associated with a tickling sensation.
• Aphonia or just decreased vocal power.

lab findings:
• culture if inflammation present
• visualize larynx
• (+) laryngoscopy for serious pathology: nodules, tumors

course and prognosis

In simple laryngitis from overuse or microorganisms, the prognosis is excellent. Voice rest is very helpful; Conventional physicians will use antibiotics if the cause is bacterial. In more serious cases, the prognosis is still good: 90% of laryngeal cancers diagnosed and treated early (by laryngectomy and irradiation) will be cured.

differential diagnosis

• Pharyngitis
• Determine underlying cause
• r/o neoplasm if persistent


footnotes