-IBIS-1.5.0-
rx
herb
Pilocarpus spp. (Jaborandi)
botanicals
definition
botanical name(s): Pilocarpus jaborandi, Pilocarpus microphyllus
synonyms: jaborandi
part(s) used: leaves
qualities:
affinities:
actions:
dosage:
» tincture: 0.6-2 ml.
» pilocarpine hydrochloridum dose: 0.0054 to 0.011 g (Felter and Scudder, p. 539)
therapy:
AHPA Botanical Safety Rating: 2b, 3
toxicity: 4; see parasympathomimetic toxidrome
» treatment of overdose: Atropine; strong digitalis glycosides have been used to treat cardiac disturbances (Theines and Haley, p. 109; von Oettingen, p. 500)
» contraindicated in pregnancy; mitogen and teratogen (Duke, p. 370; Keeler and Tu, p. 165)
» Parasympathomimetic toxidrome produces sweating, goose flesh, flushing (especially of the face), tearing and painful eyes with pupillary constriction, vertigo, intense salivation, miosis, muscular twitches, chest pains, decreased body temperature by 1-4 degrees F, confusion, coma, collapse. Urethritis with urging; nausea, vomiting, painful diarrhea. Cardiac changes include bradycardia, heart block, hypotension, and extrasystolic contractions. Death may occur to due to convulsions, circulatory failure, or pulmonary edema. (Brundage, p. 166; Cain, p. 539; Theines and Haley, p. 109; von Oettingen, p. 502)
» With severe intoxication, respirations are labored and rales occur. Pulse is tense, irregular, and variable in rate. Leukocytosis may occur (von Oettingen, p. 502; Theines and Haley, p. 109)
» essential oil is skin irritant (Duke, p. 370)
constituents: imidazole alkaloids; pilocarpine, isopilocarpine, pilosine, isopilosine, epiisopilosine; volatile oil
footnotes
Brundage, A.H. 1929. A Manual of Toxicology, 15th ed. New York: D. Appleton and Co.
Cain, H.D. 1980. Flint's Emergency Treatment and Management, 6th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.
Duke, J.A. 1985. C.R.C. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. Boca Raton, FL: The C.R.C. Press.
Felter, H.W. & Scudder, John K., 1922. The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Cincinnati, Ohio. Reprinted in 1985 by Eclectic Medical Publications, Portland, OR.
Keeler, R.F., and Tu, A.T. 1983. Handbook of Natural Toxins. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Thienes, C.H., Haley, T.J. 1975. Clinical Toxicology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.
von Oettingen, W.F. 1958. Poisoning: A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders and Company.