-IBIS-1.5.0-
tx
cutaneous system
abscess
diagnoses

definition and etiology

definition:
an encapsulated collection of pus in a localized infection with tissue destruction and swelling, or a cavity formed by liquefaction necrosis within solid tissue; abscess of organs such as the brain include their own set of symptoms

etiology:
Organisms which cause abscess are carried in through direct implantation (e.g. penetrating wound), or spread from other infection sites via blood or lymphatic transport, or breakdown of natural barriers allowing organisms to travel from non-sterile body areas to sterile cavities. Diminished immunity is often a major contributing factor.

signs and symptoms

signs and symptoms:
• diffuse pain, warmth, mild tissue induration which gradually becomes more localized; characteristically fluctuant
• a red, painful pustule which may be several centimeters across
• a head formed on the surface similar to a pimple; application of heat may be necessary to draw this out
• a centralized core develops

lab findings:
• pus will commonly test positive for staphylococcus
• anaerobic organisms are often present

course and prognosis

Outcome depends on the location of the abscess. Conventional treatment of a simple abscess ranges from antimicrobial therapy to incision and drainage, packing and further drainage. A culture and sensitivity should always be done in areas where complications might ensue, or where less common pathogens may be present (e.g. GC in Bartholin abscess).

Complications include bacteremia and severe localized tissue damage.

Internal body cavity abscesses such as those in the abdomen, thorax or brain are medical emergencies and require immediate hospitalization.

differential diagnosis

superficial:
• herpes simplex
• chancre
etc.

internal:
• symptoms related to affected organ systems and location


footnotes