-IBIS-1.5.0-
tx
musculoskeletal system
fracture
physical medicine
exercise
passive exercise: for each joint on either side of fracture begin as soon as possible within limits of pain (Thrash, 1981, p. 137)
active exercise: same as for passive
don't overdo; be cautious of creating muscle spasms
water exercises: lower extremities for stress fractures
hydrotherapy
hot fomentation: before cast (Kellogg, p. 1100)
alternating hot and cold compresses: as soon as possible after cast removal, on other limb while in cast
whirlpool baths
manipulation
massage: part of limb not in cast, daily, then affected part as soon as possible, always stroke toward heart
spine: check and align vertebra up to fractured vertebra to increase circulation
electrical and oscillating
TENS: for analgesia
footnotes