botanical name(s): Pinus canadensis, Tsuga canadensis
synonyms: pine, hemlock
part(s) used: bark, oil of bark
qualities: bitter, warm
affinities:
actions: analgesic, spasmolytic, stimulant
dosage:
» tincture: 1-4 ml.
» oil: external use only
therapy:
» internal: rheumatoid arthritis
» external (oil): chest rub for chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, cough; rheumatism, sciatica; nephritis
toxicity: 0; essential oil is very toxic
» a related species, pinus spp., is contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential abortifacient effects (De Smet)
constituents: resin
footnotes
De Smet PAGM et al. (eds.). 1993. Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs 2, Berlin: Springer-Verlag