-IBIS-1.5.0-
tx
musculoskeletal system
fracture
physical medicine

exercise

• passive exercise: for each joint on either side of fracture begin as soon as possible within limits of pain (Thrash, 1981, p. 137)
• active exercise: same as for passive
• don't overdo; be cautious of creating muscle spasms
• water exercises: lower extremities for stress fractures


hydrotherapy

• hot fomentation: before cast (Kellogg, p. 1100)
• alternating hot and cold compresses: as soon as possible after cast removal, on other limb while in cast
• whirlpool baths


manipulation

• massage: part of limb not in cast, daily, then affected part as soon as possible, always stroke toward heart
• spine: check and align vertebra up to fractured vertebra to increase circulation


electrical and oscillating

• TENS: for analgesia


footnotes